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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Hsin-Jou Wang1, Yi-Ting Hsieh2, Ting-Yu Wu3

  • 1Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

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|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher retinal vascular complexity, measured by fractal dimension (Df), is linked to better attention in older adults. This eye health indicator may predict cognitive function, particularly in the right eye.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The brain and eye share vascular origins and metabolic needs, making retinal vasculature a potential indicator of cognitive health.
  • Cognitive impairment is a growing concern in aging populations, necessitating early predictive markers.
  • Retinal vascular fractal dimension (Df) offers a quantifiable measure of vascular complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal association between retinal vascular fractal dimension (Df) and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.
  • To explore domain-specific cognitive performance in relation to retinal vascular complexity.
  • To address gaps in existing research regarding the long-term link between eye vasculature and cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the prospective Taiwan Initiative for Geriatric Epidemiological Research (TIGER) cohort study (2015-2017).
  • Included 276 older adults (≥65 years) and analyzed retinal images using a fundus camera to calculate Df via the box-counting method.
  • Assessed global cognition and domain-specific functions (memory, attention, verbal fluency, executive function) using standardized tests, analyzed with generalized linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was observed between higher right eye Df and better attention performance (β=0.28).
  • This association was more pronounced in women, younger participants, and those with higher education levels.
  • No significant associations were found for other cognitive domains or when Df was analyzed as a continuous variable.

Conclusions:

  • Higher retinal vascular complexity (Df) is associated with improved attention performance in older adults, particularly evident in the right eye.
  • Retinal vascular Df may serve as a potential biomarker for cognitive function, specifically attention.
  • Further research is needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms connecting ocular vascularity and cognitive health.