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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Francis A Fernandes1,2, Marc A Khoury1,2, Adrienne L Atayde1

  • 1Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease is linked to increased choroid plexus (CP) volume, suggesting a compensatory mechanism for impaired waste clearance. This study used MRI to show larger CP volumes in AD patients, correlating with disease severity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The choroid plexus (CP) maintains brain homeostasis by clearing waste.
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves toxic byproduct accumulation due to impaired clearance.
  • CP alterations in AD are suspected but not established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate choroid plexus (CP) morphology, specifically CP-Volume, as a marker of function in pathologically-confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To test the hypothesis that CP-Volume increases with greater AD pathology to compensate for reduced clearance.

Main Methods:

  • Structural T1-weighted MRI from 312 patients with pathological workup were analyzed.
  • Patients were categorized into Normal, Pre-AD, Mild-AD, and Severe-AD groups based on tau and amyloid pathology.
  • Bilateral CP-Volumes were automatically segmented, normalized, and analyzed using Bayesian multilevel regression, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • A high probability (>0.9) of greater CP-Volume was observed in AD groups compared to normal controls.
  • CP-Volume magnitude increased with pathological burden.
  • Mild and Severe AD groups showed the largest CP-Volume effects.

Conclusions:

  • Morphological changes in CP-Volume are detectable and related to AD pathology and impaired clearance.
  • CP-Volume changes may serve as a correlate of pathological burden in AD.
  • Further longitudinal investigation using sMRI is warranted.