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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yoo Hyun Um1, Shengmin Wang2, Dong Woo Kang3

  • 1St. Vincent' Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) impacts the cerebellum early, even before cognitive decline. Cerebellar volume loss in preclinical AD correlates with memory issues, suggesting it's an early biomarker.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly linked to cerebellar involvement, contrary to previous beliefs.
  • The cerebellum plays a role in cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD.
  • This study examines longitudinal changes in cerebellar volume across the AD spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate longitudinal cerebellar volume changes in individuals with normal cognition, preclinical AD, mild cognitive impairment, and AD dementia.
  • To explore the association between cerebellar volume changes and cognitive/neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD.
  • To determine if the cerebellum can serve as an early biomarker for AD progression.

Main Methods:

  • 229 older adults were categorized into Normal Cognition (NC), Preclinical AD (PAD), Aβ-positive Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and AD Dementia (ADD) groups.
  • Participants underwent MRI, PET imaging, and clinical assessments over a two-year follow-up.
  • Regional cerebellar volumes were analyzed using SPM12 with the SUIT atlas.

Main Results:

  • Significant baseline cerebellar volume reductions were found in the AD Dementia group (Crus I, Crus II, Vermis).
  • Progressive cerebellar volume loss occurred in the Preclinical AD group (left Crus I, left VI), preceding cognitive decline.
  • Cerebellar volume reductions correlated with episodic memory in PAD and neuropsychiatric symptoms in ADD.

Conclusions:

  • Longitudinal cerebellar volume changes are indicative of AD progression.
  • The cerebellum may act as an early biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.
  • Cerebellar regions could be potential therapeutic targets for AD treatment.