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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Vanessa M Young1,2, Crystal Wiedner1, Andrée-Ann Baril3,4,5

  • 1Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Longer sleep duration is linked to elevated neurodegenerative biomarkers in males but not females. This suggests sex-specific inflammatory responses to sleep disturbances may influence Alzheimer's disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are linked to neurodegeneration and increased Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk.
  • The association between sleep duration and blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) of neurodegeneration and AD pathology requires further investigation, especially concerning sex differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the cross-sectional associations between self-reported sleep duration and BBMs of neurodegeneration (t-tau, NfL), AD pathology (p-tau-181), and astrocyte activation (GFAP).
  • To explore potential sex-specific effects on these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2,254 participants (Framingham Heart Study cohorts).
  • Assessed sleep duration via questionnaire and measured plasma t-tau, p-tau-181, GFAP, and serum NfL using SIMOA assays.
  • Adjusted for various covariates including age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression.

Main Results:

  • Longer sleep duration was associated with higher t-tau levels overall.
  • Statistically significant sex interactions were found for t-tau, NfL, and GFAP.
  • Males, but not females, showed positive associations between longer sleep duration and elevated t-tau, NfL, and GFAP levels.

Conclusions:

  • Sex significantly modifies the association between sleep duration and BBMs of neurodegeneration and astrogliosis.
  • Males exhibit heightened inflammatory responses to sleep disturbances compared to females, potentially explaining sex-specific biomarker findings.
  • Highlights the need for sex-specific analyses in sleep and neurodegeneration research, with future studies requiring objective sleep measures.