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Clinical Manifestations.

Tiana M Saak1, Renjie Zhang2, Matthew D A Spence1

  • 1Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The novel odor recognition memory test (ORMT) shows promise for assessing memory, correlating with visual memory but not general cognition. This simple test may help detect early Alzheimer's disease (AD) changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Olfaction and memory are independently affected in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Odor memory tests may offer better diagnostic capabilities than individual assessments.
  • This study evaluates factors influencing odor memory and its relation to existing cognitive and olfactory measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess psychophysical and demographic factors impacting odor memory.
  • To determine the association between odor memory and established olfactory/cognitive tests.
  • To validate a novel odor recognition memory test (ORMT).

Main Methods:

  • 47 cognitively intact participants (mean age 33.4) underwent olfactory and cognitive testing.
  • The ORMT involved a 10-odor encoding phase and a 20-minute delayed recognition test.
  • Discriminability index (d') was the primary outcome; Pearson correlations and t-tests were used.

Main Results:

  • ORMT performance (d') strongly correlated with visual recognition memory (RCFT, d') (r=0.50, p<0.001).
  • No significant correlations were found between ORMT performance and global cognition, visuospatial ability, or odor identification/discrimination/threshold.
  • Performance was not associated with age or sex.

Conclusions:

  • The ORMT demonstrates preliminary convergent and divergent validity in healthy individuals.
  • This test offers a simple, cost-effective method for assessing recognition memory, potentially less prone to interference.
  • Further research in at-risk populations will clarify the ORMT's prognostic value for AD.