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Third Palatal Rugae as Stable Landmarks for Intraoral Models' Superimposition in Extraction Cases: A Retrospective

Carolina Morsani Mordente1, Lorenna de Souza Dores1, Dauro Douglas Oliveira1

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The third palatal rugae are validated as reliable landmarks for superimposing maxillary digital models in premolar extraction cases. This method accurately assesses short-term dental changes following incisor retraction.

Keywords:
cone‐beam computed tomographydiagnostic imagingorthodontic tooth movementspalate rugaetooth extraction

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Dental Imaging
  • Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate superimposition of serial dental models is crucial for evaluating orthodontic treatment outcomes.
  • Traditional methods can be time-consuming and may lack precision.
  • Digital imaging offers potential for improved accuracy and efficiency in dental model analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the efficacy of the third palatal rugae as stable reference landmarks for superimposing maxillary digital models.
  • To assess the accuracy of digital superimposition using palatal rugae compared to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in premolar extraction cases.

Main Methods:

  • Maxillary digital models from 22 patients undergoing premolar extraction and incisor retraction were scanned intraorally before (T0) and after (T1) treatment.
  • Automated best-fit superimposition using third palatal rugae and palatine raphe was performed.
  • Voxel-based registration of CBCT scans served as the gold standard for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Mean differences (mismatch) between intraoral scan and CBCT superimposition methods were minimal, generally below 0.2 mm for both central incisors and cuspids.
  • No statistically significant differences were found between the two superimposition methods.
  • The third palatal rugae demonstrated high stability and accuracy as reference landmarks.

Conclusions:

  • Digital superimposition utilizing third palatal rugae from intraoral scans is a valid and accurate method.
  • This technique allows for reliable 3D evaluation of short-term dental changes in the anterior maxilla after premolar extraction and incisor retraction.