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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
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Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yingqi Liao1, Cheuk Ni Kan1, Shi Yu Chan2

  • 1Memory, Ageing, and Cognition Centre (MACC), Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is linked to reduced connectivity between the hippocampus and the default mode network (DMN). Cerebrovascular disease and neuroinflammation may worsen this relationship, increasing dementia risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is an early indicator of increased dementia risk.
  • The underlying mechanisms of MBI are not fully understood.
  • Altered functional connectivity (FC) in cortical networks is observed in MBI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cortical-subcortical FC correlates of MBI.
  • To examine the relationship between MBI, Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, and cerebrovascular disease biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • 238 dementia-free participants underwent neuropsychological testing and resting-state functional MRI.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) was analyzed between subcortical limbic regions and cortical networks (DMN, FPCN, SN).
  • Regression models examined associations between MBI and RSFC, and their interaction with white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV), p-Tau181, and GFAP.

Main Results:

  • Reduced left hippocampus-DMN RSFC was associated with higher global MBI scores, particularly motivation and affective dysregulation.
  • White matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) significantly moderated the association between left hippocampus-DMN RSFC and MBI.
  • The association was significant only with high WMHV or high GFAP, suggesting a role for cerebrovascular pathology and neuroinflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Cortical-subcortical functional alterations in the DMN are associated with MBI.
  • Cerebrovascular pathology and neuroinflammation may modulate the brain-behavior relationship in MBI.
  • Further research is warranted to explore these modulating factors in dementia risk.