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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Zimu Wu1

  • 1Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Plasma biomarkers like p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL predict cognitive decline in older adults. A higher amyloid beta 42/40 ratio, however, is linked to slower cognitive aging, aiding early dementia detection.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Plasma biomarkers show promise for early detection of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
  • Understanding their association with cognitive changes over time is crucial for aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between plasma biomarkers and longitudinal cognitive function changes in healthy older adults.
  • To assess the predictive value of key Alzheimer's biomarkers for cognitive trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a large cohort (US and Australia, n=13,111) of cognitively healthy older adults (65+).
  • Repeated cognitive assessments (global cognition, verbal fluency, episodic memory, psychomotor speed) over up to 11 years.
  • Measurement of plasma biomarkers: phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and amyloid beta 42/40 ratio (Aβ42/40).

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Main Results:

  • Higher plasma p-tau181, GFAP, and NfL levels correlated with accelerated cognitive decline across all tested domains.
  • A higher Aβ42/40 ratio was associated with slower cognitive decline in all measured functions.
  • Stronger associations for p-tau181 were observed in females and individuals with chronic kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma biomarkers effectively monitor cognitive trajectories in cognitively healthy older individuals.
  • These biomarkers can detect early neurodegeneration and predict cognitive decline, informing early intervention strategies.
  • Findings support the use of plasma biomarkers for personalized management of cognitive aging.