Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neuron Structure01:31

Neuron Structure

230.4K
Overview
230.4K
Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

17.6K
Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to...
17.6K
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

10.5K
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evolution of the frontal aslant tract and implications for primate vocalization and human speech.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Patient-Tailored Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Versus Sham for Upper-Extremity Rehabilitation in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Feasibility and Pilot Trial.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2026
Same author

Fronto-limbic emotional-processing markers signal risk of onset rather than risk of recurrence in mood disorders: Evidence from a longitudinal twin study.

Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences·2026
Same author

Increased Blood Flow and Tendon Swelling Precedes Vascular Expansion and Tissue Matrix Changes In Early Human Tendinopathy: A Potential Window for Superior Treatment Response.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Isoflurane anesthesia alters 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy markers compared to awake mouse brain.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Role for NF-κB in herpes encephalitis pathology in mice genocopying an inborn error of IRF3-IFN immunity.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2025
Same journal

Interactive shape and color representation in visual working memory for colored objects in the human occipitotemporal cortex.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same journal

Prediction-based sensory attenuation is related to prediction-based motor attenuation.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same journal

Comparing the effect of multi-gradient echo and multi-band fMRI during a semantic task.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same journal

The link to steady-state oxidative metabolism and hemodynamics varies across rs-fMRI metrics: A whole-brain assessment using macrovascular correction.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same journal

MRI-scale histology validates spatial sensitivity of in-vivo MRI-based axon radius estimation.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same journal

Simultaneous confidence regions for image excursion sets: A validation study with applications in fMRI.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Assessment of Ultrastructural Neuroplasticity Parameters After In Utero Transduction of the Developing Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord
10:28

Assessment of Ultrastructural Neuroplasticity Parameters After In Utero Transduction of the Developing Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord

Published on: February 26, 2019

7.3K

Axonal structure-function relationships across experimental modalities.

Christian S Skoven1,2, Mariam Andersson1, Miren Lur Barquin Torre1

  • 1Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Department for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals discrepancies between structural and functional measurements of nerve fibers. Accounting for these differences improves our understanding of how nerve fiber microstructure supports neural communication.

Keywords:
axon diameterconduction velocitycorpus callosummotor cortexrat

More Related Videos

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures
06:16

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures

Published on: March 28, 2018

6.9K
Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

2.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Assessment of Ultrastructural Neuroplasticity Parameters After In Utero Transduction of the Developing Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord
10:28

Assessment of Ultrastructural Neuroplasticity Parameters After In Utero Transduction of the Developing Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord

Published on: February 26, 2019

7.3K
Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures
06:16

Visualization of Thalamocortical Axon Branching and Synapse Formation in Organotypic Cocultures

Published on: March 28, 2018

6.9K
Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
11:31

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

2.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The structure-function relationship of myelinated nerve fibers links physical properties to signal transmission speed.
  • Investigating this relationship is crucial for understanding neural communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structure-function relationship in the rat transcallosal motor pathway.
  • To compare functional (conduction velocity) and structural (axon diameter, g-ratio) metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Combined optogenetics, local field potentials (LFPs), and diffusion MRI (dMRI) for functional and structural analysis.
  • Quantified axon diameter and g-ratio using dMRI and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Assessed and corrected for tissue shrinkage during TEM preparation.

Main Results:

  • TEM revealed diameter-dependent axonal shrinkage (37%), impacting structural estimates.
  • dMRI-based diameter estimates were biased toward larger axons.
  • Functional conduction times correlated with smaller axons, while dMRI predicted faster conduction than observed.

Conclusions:

  • Structural and functional metrics exhibit different sensitivity profiles.
  • Accounting for modality-dependent sensitivities is essential for accurate structure-function analysis.
  • This work advances understanding of microstructure's role in neural communication.