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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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A Multimodal Framework for Understanding Perceptual Segmentation of Natural Scenes In Autism.

Darnell K Adrian Williams1, Tridib K Biswas1, Concetta Brusco1

  • 1Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show distinct visual segmentation patterns and neural responses when processing natural scenes. Our novel framework reveals differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) visual exploration and attention allocation compared to neurotypical individuals.

Keywords:
AutismEEGEye-TrackingNatural ScenesPerceptual DynamicsVisual Segmentation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Autism Research

Background:

  • Understanding visual segmentation is key to explaining sensory processing in typical and atypical development.
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is associated with documented differences in visual segmentation and integration.
  • Existing research often uses simplified stimuli, not reflecting real-world natural scene segmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel, multimodal framework for studying natural scene segmentation.
  • To investigate temporal and spatial aspects of visual segmentation in neurotypical (NT) and ASD individuals.
  • To compare behavioral and neural responses during natural scene perception between NT and ASD groups.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multimodal framework combining electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking with perceptual measurements.
  • Participants (NT and ASD, 16+ years) viewed natural scenes and textures, making segmentation decisions.
  • Analyzed behavioral data (reaction times, segmentation maps), eye-tracking data (gaze patterns), and EEG data (neural activity).

Main Results:

  • ASD participants exhibited slower and more idiosyncratic segmentation patterns compared to NT individuals.
  • Eye-tracking revealed broader visual exploration in ASD during early scene viewing.
  • EEG showed delayed and more diffuse occipital activation, with reduced global field power in ASD.

Conclusions:

  • The established framework enables reproducible study of natural scene segmentation.
  • Significant behavioral and neural distinctions in visual processing were identified in ASD.
  • This research bridges the gap between controlled experiments and real-world perception for neurotypical and neurodivergent populations.