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Understanding perspectives on smoking cessation based on Self-Determination Theory: A qualitative study.

Maarit Malin¹, Minna Majuri^1,2, Ville Lahtinen³

¹Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.

Tobacco Prevention & Cessation

|December 25, 2025

Summary

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) enhances smoking cessation by focusing on psychological needs. Supporting autonomy, competence, and relatedness is crucial for lasting behavioral change in smoking cessation treatment and support.

Keywords:

Self-Determination Theory healthcare professionals individuals’ perspectives qualitative research smoking cessation treatment and support

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Area of Science:

Behavioral Science
Health Psychology
Addiction Research

Background:

Smoking cessation requires high motivation for sustained behavioral change.
Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posits that basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) are vital for motivation.
Understanding participants' perceptions of SDT in smoking cessation treatment and support (SCTS) is key.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore how participants perceive the importance of SDT's basic psychological needs in SCTS.
To examine the influence of SDT on participants' responses within SCTS.

Main Methods:

Qualitative study utilizing SDT-driven content analysis.
Co-design workshop with 12 participants in Finland (2019).
Analysis of group dialogues to assess SDT's influence on SCTS perceptions.

Main Results:

Qualitative analysis confirmed the importance of autonomous motivation in smoking cessation.
Ten categories emerged, all linked to basic psychological needs.
Autonomy was the most frequently cited need (41.2%), followed by competence (34.6%) and relatedness (24.2%).

Conclusions:

Health practitioners should address autonomy, competence, and relatedness in SCTS.
Tailoring support, offering choices, and providing positive feedback enhance cessation.
Acknowledging individual differences and psychological needs improves SCTS effectiveness.