Brain plasticity underlying acquisition of new organizational skills in children: A Rashomon analysis
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Organizational Skills Training (OST) improved children's organizational skills. However, brain imaging results showed an unexpected increase in functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions, and these findings were not replicated.
Area Of Science
- Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychology
- Child Development
Background
- Organizational Skills Training (OST) is a therapeutic intervention designed to address deficits in executive functions.
- Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a neuroimaging technique used to measure brain activity and connectivity.
- Understanding the neural underpinnings of OST can inform treatment development and optimization.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with Organizational Skills Training (OST) in children.
- To examine FC alterations between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the anterior ventral striatum (aVS) following OST.
Main Methods
- A randomized clinical trial (NCT04108273) involving 51 children (8-12 years) with organizational skill deficits.
- Participants were assigned to either immediate tele-health OST or a waitlist control group.
- rs-fMRI was used to assess FC changes between dACC and aVS, alongside parent-reported organizational skills (COSS-P).
Main Results
- OST significantly improved organizational skills compared to the waitlist group (large effect size).
- Initial analysis indicated a significant increase, contrary to predictions, in FC between dACC and aVS in the OST group.
- Two additional analytic pipelines failed to replicate these FC findings, highlighting their tentative nature.
Conclusions
- While OST improved organizational deficits, the observed increase in dACC-aVS functional connectivity was unexpected and not consistently found across analyses.
- The findings underscore the need for caution in interpreting the neural correlates of OST, emphasizing the tentative nature of the results.
- Future research should employ larger sample sizes, alternative control conditions, and potentially combine data for mega- and meta-analyses to confirm findings.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
• The brain's ability to change begins with the growth of dendrites and axons, which effectively increases the...
Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...