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Clinical Manifestations.

Maira Okada de Oliveira1

  • 1Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF); & Trinity College Dublin, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cognitive Neurology and Behavioral Unit (GNCC), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
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Summary

Detecting cognitive decline in Latin America requires accessible screening tools like the 10-Point Cognitive Screener (10-CS) and caregiver questionnaires. Early screening and regular follow-ups are vital for managing cognitive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive decline presents challenges, exacerbated by regional disparities in healthcare access and diagnostics in Latin America.
  • Clinicians must proactively assess cognitive complaints in patients over 60, recognizing the importance of cognitive and functional testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To recommend best practices for detecting cognitive decline.
  • To adapt these practices for the Latin American cultural context and available resources.

Main Methods:

  • Recommends quick, accessible, and culturally adaptable screening tools.
  • Suggests using patient (10-Point Cognitive Screener) and caregiver (Cognitive Change Questionnaire) assessments.
  • Highlights the utility of established tools like MMSE, MoCA, ACE-R/III, RUDAS, BCSB, and FAQ for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Recommends the 10-Point Cognitive Screener (10-CS) for patients and the Cognitive Change Questionnaire (QMC8) for caregivers.
  • Lists additional diagnostic tools for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia: MMSE, MoCA, ACE-R/III, RUDAS, BCSB, and functional assessment (FAQ).
  • Emphasizes further clinical investigation, differential diagnosis, exclusion of reversible causes, and regular six-month follow-ups.

Conclusions:

  • Provides recommendations for detecting cognitive decline tailored to Latin America.
  • Advocates for combining available resources with culturally adapted screening tools.
  • Stresses the importance of ongoing monitoring and patient education on dementia prevention.