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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Jingchun Chen1, Faria Tavacoli1, Hayley Ho1

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This study found that noise pollution exposure increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Reducing noise, especially in workplaces, may lower AD risk and improve longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Neurogenetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Epidemiological studies suggest a link between noise pollution and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but causality is unconfirmed.
  • This research investigates the genetic correlation and causal association between noise exposure and AD risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential genetic correlation between noise exposure and AD risk.
  • To determine the causal association between noise pollution and Alzheimer's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) data for noise pollution from UK Biobank to compute polygenic scores (PGSs).
  • Conducted logistic regression and meta-analyses in discovery and replication cohorts, adjusting for covariates.
  • Employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method to assess causality.

Main Results:

  • Polygenic scores for average 24-hour noise levels showed a significant association with increased AD risk (OR = 1.198, p = 3.65 × 10⁻⁵).
  • MR analyses revealed that genetically predicted frequent exposure to very noisy workplaces correlated with higher AD risk (OR = 3.251) and reduced longevity (OR = 0.635).
  • Sensitivity tests confirmed the causal effects observed in the MR analyses.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides strong evidence for a causal relationship between noise pollution and Alzheimer's disease risk.
  • Reducing noise exposure, particularly in occupational settings, is recommended as a public health strategy to mitigate AD risk and promote longevity.