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Clinical Manifestations.

Sarath Govindaraj1, Shivam Mishra1, Suvarna Alladi2

  • 1National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular risk factors are linked to dementia subtypes, including Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. Early identification and intervention for conditions like hypertension and diabetes are crucial for managing dementia risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Global dementia prevalence is rising, necessitating early diagnosis and risk identification.
  • Interventions targeting modifiable risk factors are key to reducing dementia's impact.
  • Understanding vascular risk factors' influence on dementia subtypes is critical for South Indian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between vascular risk factors and the clinical/imaging profiles of dementia subtypes.
  • To analyze demographic and clinical data alongside imaging findings in a South Indian cohort.
  • To differentiate the impact of vascular risk factors across Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular Dementia, and other dementia types.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 300 dementia patients from a tertiary care hospital's Cognitive Disorder Clinic registry.
  • Data collection included vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol, cardiovascular diseases), demographics, and clinical assessments (ACE III, CDR Scale).
  • Brain imaging data (atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds) were evaluated using visual rating scales.

Main Results:

  • Alzheimer's Disease (44%) was most common, followed by Vascular Dementia (23.3%).
  • Hypertension was prevalent in mixed (72.4%) and vascular dementia (70%).
  • Vascular dementia showed higher rates of diabetes (47.1%), smoking (42.9%), and alcoholism (12.9%). White matter hyperintensities and microbleeds were significant in vascular dementia and other subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular risk factors are significantly associated with both neurodegenerative and vascular dementias.
  • Early identification and targeted interventions for vascular risk factors are vital for dementia prevention and management.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to understand dynamic interactions and refine treatment strategies across diverse dementia subtypes.