Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

5.7K
Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
5.7K
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

4.5K
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
4.5K
Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

Drug Discovery: Overview

10.9K
Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
10.9K
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

1.1K
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
1.1K
In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation01:10

In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

269
In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
269
Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

2.7K
Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emerging directions in tauopathy research.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Plasma eMTBR-tau243 and %p-tau217 for Biological Staging of Alzheimer Disease.

JAMA neurology·2026
Same author

Tau-PET and CSF MTBR-tau243 comparisons validate increased tau aggregation in females.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same author

Discovery of a Novel Compound Enhancing SVZ Neurogenic Effects via Human Neural Stem Cell-Based Phenotypic Screening.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Etalanetug (E2814) in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease: an open-label phase 1b/2 study to assess safety and target engagement in participants with mild to moderate cognitive impairment.

Alzheimer's research & therapy·2026
Same author

Trajectories of plasma and CSF MTBR-tau243 and phosphorylated-tau species across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Patient-derived forebrain cortical organoids reveal biphasic tau-MAP6-microtubule axis dysfunction in tauopathy.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Genetic architecture of the limbic white matter microstructure in aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Greater choroid plexus volume is linked to poor sleep, neurodegeneration, and cognitive deficits in older adults: Evidence from the IGNITE Study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Plasma-based neurobiological protein biomarkers as predictors of dementia progression: Insights from longitudinal aging study in India - Diagnostic assessment of dementia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Neuropathology-specific language features in primary progressive aphasia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Dementia blood biomarkers in the context of post-stroke cognitive outcomes: Systematic review and evidence synthesis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

10.1K

Drug Development.

Takeo Kamakura1, Kazuto Yamazaki1, Akio Yamada2

  • 1Eisai Co., Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

EphA4 (Ephrin receptor A4) is implicated in neurodegeneration. The anti-EphA4 antibody E2025 increases EphA4 turnover in human neural cells, demonstrating target engagement and potential therapeutic effects.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing
08:04

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

Published on: May 11, 2021

3.3K
Developmental Toxicity Assay Based on Real-Time Monitoring of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Disruption in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
05:45

Developmental Toxicity Assay Based on Real-Time Monitoring of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Disruption in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: October 10, 2025

446

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

10.1K
In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing
08:04

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

Published on: May 11, 2021

3.3K
Developmental Toxicity Assay Based on Real-Time Monitoring of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Disruption in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
05:45

Developmental Toxicity Assay Based on Real-Time Monitoring of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Disruption in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: October 10, 2025

446

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • EphA4, a brain-expressed receptor tyrosine kinase, is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
  • EphA4 activation contributes to neurodegeneration.
  • E2025 is a novel humanized antibody designed to deactivate EphA4.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the turnover rate of EphA4 in human neural cells and supernatants.
  • To assess target engagement of the anti-EphA4 antibody E2025.
  • To evaluate the utility of Stable Isotope Labeling Kinetics (SILK) technology for pharmacodynamic assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Human neural stem/progenitor cells were cultured with 13C-labeled leucine for endogenous protein labeling.
  • Cells were subsequently treated with unlabeled leucine and E2025 antibody.
  • EphA4 levels in cells and supernatants were analyzed over time using LC/MS to determine turnover rates.

Main Results:

  • E2025 treatment significantly increased EphA4 production in supernatants.
  • E2025 promoted EphA4 degradation within cells.
  • EphA4 turnover was modulated by E2025 in a concentration-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • Stable Isotope Labeling Kinetics (SILK) technology successfully demonstrated that E2025 increases EphA4 turnover concentration-dependently.
  • This pharmacodynamic assessment indicates E2025's potential as a therapeutic agent.
  • The SILK method is suitable for evaluating the pharmacodynamic effects of E2025.