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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Xuan Chen1, Xue Wang1, Joseph S Reddy1

  • 1Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were identified. These novel blood transcriptome signatures reflect brain changes and may serve as future diagnostic tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Existing Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers primarily target central nervous system pathologies (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration).
  • AD pathogenesis is complex and heterogeneous, necessitating accessible blood-based biomarkers beyond the ATN framework.
  • There is a need for blood biomarkers reflecting molecular brain changes in AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify blood transcriptome signatures associated with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • To explore relationships between blood gene expression and cognitive/neuroimaging measures.
  • To validate blood-brain molecular connections for novel biomarker development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood transcriptome data from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) and ADNI cohorts.
  • Gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and meta-analysis to identify disease-associated modules.
  • Validation in bulk brain RNAseq cohorts and enrichment analyses (Gene Ontology, cell-types).

Main Results:

  • Specific blood transcriptome modules (M5, M8 upregulated; M1, M10, M13, M16, M21 downregulated) associated with AD/MCI status and cognition.
  • Module M17 linked to microhemorrhages; cell-type enrichment identified immune cell involvement (basophils, monocytes, neutrophils, B cells, NK cells).
  • Three modules (M1, M5, M8) showed preservation across blood and brain, with M1 transcripts linked to better cognition and B cell metabolic activity.

Conclusions:

  • Identified blood transcripts and modules associated with AD/MCI, cognition, and neuroimaging.
  • Three modules preserved in brain networks represent peripheral molecular signatures reflecting brain pathway perturbations.
  • Prioritized transcripts warrant further investigation as potential novel AD/MCI biomarkers and therapeutic targets.