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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Pauline Maillard1, Prashanthi Vemuri2, Heather M Snyder3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found consistent relationships between cardiovascular disease (CVD) imaging markers, vascular risk factors (VRF), and cognition across two cohorts. These findings support the generalizability of MRI markers for assessing brain health and VRF impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) impacts brain structure and function through various mechanisms.
  • Four MRI markers (free water, fractional anisotropy, perivascular space, white matter hyperintensities) are investigated for their association with vascular risk factors (VRF) and cognition.
  • Generalizability of these associations across different cohorts is examined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the generalizability of relationships between four MRI markers of CVD and VRF.
  • To examine the association between these MRI markers and cognitive function.
  • To compare findings between the POINTER and Framingham Heart Study (FHS) cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 907 POINTER and 797 FHS participants' baseline demographic, clinical, and imaging data.
  • Regression analyses to assess the effect of age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and smoking on MRI markers.
  • Linear regressions to evaluate the association between MRI markers and cognitive outcomes, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Despite cohort differences, consistent associations were found between VRF and MRI markers (e.g., age, hypertension, diabetes).
  • Reduced cognitive performance was linked to decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased free water (FW).
  • White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and perivascular space (PVS) were not significantly associated with cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Four MRI markers represent diverse CVD impacts on brain structure and function.
  • Consistent relationships between CVD markers, VRF, and cognition across cohorts support generalizability.
  • Findings reinforce the utility of these MRI markers in understanding CVD's effect on brain health.