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Clinical Manifestations.

Caitlin M Terao1, Fareshte Erani2,3, Sarah J Banks2

  • 1San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV) shows sex-specific associations with brain volumes in older adults. Executive IIV impacts brain regions in males, while language IIV affects brain regions in females, suggesting distinct patterns of brain aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV) is linked to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
  • Understanding sex differences in IIV's association with brain health is crucial but underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differential associations between cognitive IIV and brain volumes in older males and females.
  • To identify sex-specific patterns in the relationship between IIV and structural brain changes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 867 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
  • Calculated global and domain-specific IIV (executive function, memory, language) from neuropsychological testing.
  • Analyzed associations between IIV indices and regional brain volumes (grey and white matter) using structural MRI, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Executive IIV associated with smaller temporal, limbic, and subcortical volumes in the full sample.
  • In males, greater Executive IIV linked to smaller limbic and occipital volumes.
  • In females, greater Language IIV linked to smaller temporal, parietal, and occipital volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Executive IIV relates to brain volumes across sexes, with specific associations in males.
  • Language IIV shows sex-specific associations with brain volumes, particularly in females.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to explore sex-specific mechanisms underlying these patterns.