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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Soohyun Park1,2, Anthony H Mark1, Eilis W Reardon2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early-life trauma, such as parental abuse, weakens the positive link between genetic predisposition for cognition and cognitive function in older African Americans. Trauma-informed care is crucial for cognitive health in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • African Americans (AAs) face higher Alzheimer's and dementia rates and cognitive health disparities.
  • Existing research on AAs explores genetic risk (APOE) and early-life trauma, but the role of polygenic scores for general cognition (PGS-gc) and their interaction with trauma is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the main and additive effects of PGS-gc and early-life trauma on cognitive functioning in older AAs.
  • Examine whether early-life trauma moderates the association between PGS-gc and cognitive functioning in older AAs.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal growth curve modeling on 1,174 African ancestry adults (50+) from the Health and Retirement Study (1996-2020).
  • Cognitive functioning assessed via total cognition score.
  • PGS-gc measured genetic predisposition; early-life trauma assessed via adverse childhood experiences.

Main Results:

  • Higher PGS-gc was significantly associated with better cognitive functioning (z = 2.59, p < .05).
  • Family loss before age 16 was linked to lower cognitive functioning, independent of PGS-gc (z = -2.49, p < .05).
  • Parental abuse significantly moderated the PGS-gc-cognition link, attenuating the association in trauma-exposed individuals (z = -2.53, p < .05).

Conclusions:

  • Early-life trauma, specifically parental abuse, moderates and weakens the positive relationship between polygenic predisposition and cognitive function in older AAs.
  • Findings highlight the critical need for trauma prevention and trauma-informed care to enhance cognitive health and reduce disparities in racially/ethnically minoritized older adults.