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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
511

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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Kittithatch Booncharoen1,2,3, Akarin Hiransuthikul3,4, Yuttachai Likitjaroen2,3

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Research
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers like blood p-Tau, tau PET, and amyloid PET predict AD pathology.
  • Neuroinflammation markers GFAP and NfL are also crucial.
  • Their predictive potential for short-term decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia needs further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the predictive value of AD and neuroinflammation biomarkers for short-term cognitive and functional decline in MCI and mild dementia patients.
  • To compare the prognostic capabilities of various biomarkers, including Tau PET, amyloid PET, plasma p-Tau variants, GFAP, and NfL.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited participants with MCI and mild dementia from a memory clinic in Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Assessed Tau PET, amyloid PET, plasma p-Tau-181, p-Tau-217, GFAP, and NfL at baseline.
  • Evaluated cognitive and functional abilities using MoCA and CDR-SB at baseline and 24-month follow-up, defining progressors based on score changes.

Main Results:

  • Progressors showed significantly higher median levels of amyloid PET, Tau PET SUVR (Braak stages 3-4), plasma p-Tau-217, and GFAP compared to non-progressors.
  • Tau PET SUVR demonstrated the highest prognostic value for 24-month progression (AUC 0.84), followed by plasma GFAP (AUC 0.78) and plasma p-Tau-217 (AUC 0.77).
  • Plasma p-Tau-181 and NfL levels did not show significant differences between progressors and non-progressors.

Conclusions:

  • Tau PET SUVR in Braak stages 3-4 is a strong predictor of short-term cognitive and functional decline.
  • Plasma p-Tau-217 shows both diagnostic and prognostic utility.
  • Plasma GFAP is more effective than plasma NfL in predicting short-term progression in this cohort.