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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Ali Gulhan1, Marlene Tejeda1, Caitlin Newman2

  • 1Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) DNA is linked to brain structure changes in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients. This suggests HSV-1 may worsen cerebral atrophy in individuals with AD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis.
  • This study investigates the association between HSV-1 and AD using neuroimaging and genomic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between HSV-1 presence and brain structural alterations in AD.
  • To determine if HSV-1 exacerbates cerebral atrophy in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized whole-genome sequencing and MRI data from Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) cohorts.
  • Assessed HSV-1 DNA presence and correlated it with brain volume and cortical thickness using linear regression models.
  • Conducted meta-analysis to combine results from FHS and ADSP cohorts.

Main Results:

  • HSV-1 DNA presence was associated with significant differences in 19 brain regions, affecting volume and thickness.
  • A significant interaction between HSV-1 and AD/MCI was observed in six brain regions.
  • HSV-1 DNA correlated with increased surface holes and accelerated thinning in specific brain areas, notably the accumbens and temporal regions.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest HSV-1 may exacerbate cerebral atrophy associated with Alzheimer's Disease.
  • Further research is necessary to confirm these associations and understand the underlying biological mechanisms.