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Clinical Manifestations.

Derong Zeng1, Mu-Hsing Ho2, Teruaki Kawasaki3

  • 1kyoto university, kyoto, kyoto, Japan.

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In older adults with cognitive impairment, phase angle (PhA) and muscle mass decreased alongside cognitive decline over one year. Monitoring PhA may aid early detection of deterioration in those at risk for Alzheimer disease (AD).

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Previous research linked higher phase angle (PhA) to better cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment.
  • The longitudinal relationship between PhA changes and cognitive decline remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changes in PhA over time in relation to cognitive decline in older adults.
  • To compare these changes between individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 240 older adults with cognitive impairments for two consecutive years of assessments.
  • Measured cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and physical parameters including PhA.
  • Employed linear mixed-effects models to analyze changes and compared AD and MCI groups.

Main Results:

  • Significant declines in MMSE scores, muscle mass, and PhA were observed over one year (p < 0.05).
  • Anthropometric measures like BMI and fat percentage remained stable.
  • While AD participants had lower baseline MMSE, their rate of decline did not significantly differ from MCI participants (p = 0.061).

Conclusions:

  • Older adults at risk for cognitive decline experienced decreases in MMSE, muscle mass, and PhA over one year.
  • PhA monitoring, alongside cognitive assessments, may aid in the early detection of cognitive deterioration.
  • Findings suggest PhA is a relevant biomarker for monitoring cognitive health in aging populations.