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[Role of gut microbiota in aging processes]
A L Bedzhanyan1, Yu V Kovalskaya1, K N Petrenko1
1Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia.
Khirurgiia
|December 25, 2025
Summary
Age-related gut microbiome changes actively drive aging, causing inflammation and diseases. Modifying the microbiota may offer a strategy to counteract aging effects and promote longevity.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Gerontology
- Immunology
Background:
- The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host health and aging.
- Age-related alterations in the gut microbiome are increasingly recognized as active contributors to aging, not merely consequences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the causal link between gut dysbiosis and systemic aging processes.
- To analyze the impact of microbiota dysbiosis on various age-associated diseases and geriatric syndromes.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific literature on the gut microbiota and aging.
- Analysis of the molecular pathways linking gut dysbiosis to systemic inflammation (e.g., TLR4/NF-κB pathway).
- Examination of the gut-brain axis, muscle protein synthesis, insulin resistance, cardiovascular health, and bone metabolism in relation to microbiota changes.
Main Results:
- Age-related dysbiosis, characterized by reduced diversity and specific bacterial deficiencies, disrupts the intestinal barrier.
- This disruption leads to systemic inflammation, immune senescence, and underlies major age-related diseases like neurodegenerative disorders, sarcopenia, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.
- Centenarians exhibit a unique microbiota profile, potentially linked to healthy longevity.
Conclusions:
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis is an active driver of aging and associated pathologies.
- Therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota hold potential for mitigating aging manifestations and promoting healthy longevity.
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