Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

521
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
521
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

674
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
674
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Bridging the diagnostic gap: Expanding dementia care navigation for timely diagnosis.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Dose-response and cumulative effects of educational attainment and occupational complexity on mid to late life cognitive performance in Brazil and Mexico.

Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging·2026
Same author

Prior incarceration and out-of-pocket dental care expenditures among older adults in the United States.

BMC oral health·2026
Same author

Measuring treatment burden with the treatment burden questionnaire (TBQ): a narrative literature review and implications for geriatric research and clinical practice.

Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer·2026
Same author

Multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association study reveals shared and population-specific genetic effects in Alzheimer disease.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

Genetic correlation analysis of Alzheimer's disease and stroke implicates PHLPP1 as a shared locus in individuals of African ancestry.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Neetesh Pandey1, Sandra Barral2, Richard Mayeux3

  • 1Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rare variants in the PCAT5 gene are associated with cognitive performance in diverse populations, suggesting a role in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). This finding holds significance for understanding ADRD pathology beyond APOE.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Traditional Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) studies use binary outcomes, potentially limiting power to detect genetic associations.
  • Objective measures of cognitive function (endophenotypes) may enhance the discovery of novel genetic loci for ADRD.
  • The Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) provides a valuable dataset for exploring genetic influences on cognitive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between rare genetic variants and cognitive performance across multiple domains.
  • To replicate findings in multi-ethnic cohorts to ensure generalizability.
  • To identify novel genetic loci associated with cognitive decline and ADRD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide gene-based tests using whole-genome sequencing data from 1,930 Mexican individuals (MHAS).
  • Replication analyses in two independent cohorts: Washington Heights Inwood Aging Project (WHICAP) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
  • Filtering of variants by allele frequency (<1%) and imputation quality (>=80%), with adjustments for age, sex, education, and APOE status.

Main Results:

  • A genome-wide significant association was found for the PCAT5 locus in MHAS, which was replicated in both WHICAP and MESA cohorts.
  • The association with PCAT5 remained significant after adjusting for APOE status in all cohorts.
  • Stratified analysis in MESA revealed a nominally significant association in African Americans, suggesting a cross-ethnic role.

Conclusions:

  • Strong evidence supports the association of rare variants in PCAT5 with cognitive performance across diverse populations.
  • PCAT5 may contribute to ADRD pathology independently of APOE, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
  • Further biological research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying PCAT5's role in neurodegeneration.