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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Judit Selma-Gonzalez1,2, Sara Rubio-Guerra1,2, Jesús Garcia Castro2,3

  • 1Sant Pau Memory Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217) predicts Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Higher plasma p-tau217 levels indicate faster cognitive and functional decline, showing its prognostic utility in AD.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Research
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217) is a specific blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology.
  • Existing research confirms high diagnostic accuracy and reproducible cut-offs for plasma p-tau217.
  • The prognostic value of plasma p-tau217 across different AD clinical stages requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognostic utility of plasma p-tau217 in predicting clinical and functional decline.
  • To assess plasma p-tau217's predictive capability across the full spectrum of AD clinical stages.
  • To analyze longitudinal changes in plasma p-tau217 in relation to AD pathology status.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 731 participants (Sant Pau Initiative on Neurodegeneration - SPIN cohort) with up to 10 years of follow-up.
  • Participants were classified into clinical stages 1-6 based on CSF AD pathology markers (p-tau181/Aβ1-42 ratio).
  • Plasma p-tau217 concentrations were measured using the ALZpath pTau217 assay; cognitive/functional decline assessed via MMSE and progression to stage 4.

Main Results:

  • Plasma p-tau217 levels increased with advancing clinical stages in individuals with AD pathology.
  • Both plasma p-tau217 and CSF p-tau181 correlated with cognitive measures and predicted faster cognitive decline.
  • Higher plasma p-tau217 levels were associated with slower cognitive/functional decline, and independently predicted accelerated progression to dementia in non-demented individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma p-tau217, measured via a commercial immunoassay, is associated with cognitive and functional decline in AD.
  • These findings support the potential use of plasma p-tau217 in routine clinical practice for monitoring and prognostication of AD progression.
  • Plasma p-tau217 demonstrates prognostic utility across AD clinical stages, complementing its diagnostic value.