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Clinical Manifestations.

Abdul Moeed1, Hassan Waseem2, Abdul Hannan Siddiqui1

  • 1Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Probiotics significantly improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients by boosting antioxidants like glutathione and reducing oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurocognitive disorder affecting 50 million people globally.
  • AD accounts for approximately 70% of all dementia cases.
  • Current treatments for AD have limited efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effect of probiotics on neurocognitive function in AD patients.
  • To assess the impact of probiotics on inflammation and oxidative stress markers in AD.
  • To provide evidence-based insights into probiotic supplementation for AD management.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar up to January 2025.
  • Data from five randomized clinical trials involving 219 AD patients were quantitatively analyzed.
  • Review Manager 5.4 was used for statistical analysis, employing a random effects model.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic supplementation significantly improved Mini-Mental State Examination scores in AD patients (MD = 2.49, p = 0.02).
  • Probiotics increased glutathione levels (MD = 17.78 µmol/L, p = 0.02) and decreased malondialdehyde levels (MD = -1.54 µmol/L, p < 0.0001).
  • These findings suggest a reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation with probiotic use.

Conclusions:

  • Probiotics demonstrate efficacy in improving neurocognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients.
  • Probiotic supplementation positively influences key markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • These results support the potential of probiotics as an adjunct therapy for AD.