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Published on: September 20, 2018
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Clinical Manifestations.
Daphne Gasparre1,2, Lídia Mulet-Pons3, Annegret Habich2
1Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience "DiBraiN", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
Summary
Graph theory reveals nuanced sex differences in cognitive networks, showing no global disparities but variations in specific brain network nodes and modules. These findings suggest differences in cognitive task approaches rather than overall ability.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Graph Theory Applications
Background:
- Cognitive function is vital for daily life, with age and education impacting performance.
- The influence of sex on cognition remains unclear, with mixed results from traditional studies.
- Graph theory offers a novel, comprehensive method for analyzing complex cognitive interdependencies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex differences in cognitive performance using graph theory.
- To compare graph theory analysis with traditional univariate methods for assessing sex differences in cognition.
- To explore sex-based variations in the global, nodal, and modular features of cognitive connectomes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of three cohorts (GENIC, NACC, ADNI) of cognitively healthy adults.
- Construction of cognitive connectomes using Spearman correlations of age- and education-adjusted cognitive variables.
- Application of univariate ANCOVAs and multivariate graph theory metrics (global, nodal, modular) in MATLAB.
Main Results:
- Univariate analyses revealed small sex differences in memory, learning, language, and attention.
- Graph theory analyses found no global differences in cognitive connectomes between sexes.
- Nodal and modular analyses identified nuanced sex differences in memory, language, attention, and executive functions.
Conclusions:
- Graph theory offers an innovative framework for understanding sex differences in cognition.
- While global cognitive network features do not differ by sex, nodal and modular patterns show variations.
- These findings suggest sex differences in cognitive task execution strategies rather than overall cognitive capacity, with implications for targeted interventions.
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