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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jiaqi Wen1,2, Zifei Liang1, Chenyang Li3

  • 1New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impairs motor and cognitive functions. Advanced MRI reveals motor cortex (MC) and MC-striatum tract degeneration, linked to cognitive decline and potential early dementia markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cognitive and motor function decline is a key aspect of aging.
  • The motor cortex (MC) and its projections, including the corticospinal tract (CST) and MC-striatum tract, are crucial for motor control and potentially cognitive functions.
  • Understanding the age-related degeneration of these neural pathways is vital for insights into cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the comprehensive degeneration of the motor cortex (MC), corticospinal tract (CST), and MC-striatum tract in aging.
  • To utilize advanced MRI techniques to explore neural mechanisms underlying cognitive decline across the adult lifespan.
  • To identify structural and functional changes associated with aging in these specific neural pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 339 right-handed subjects from the HCP-Aging dataset using T1-MPRAGE, T2-SPACE, pCASL, and diffusion MRI sequences.
  • Processing of structural metrics (volume, curvature) and generation of cerebral blood flow (CBF)/arterial transit time (ATT) maps.
  • Tractography of CST and MC-striatum tract, with along-tract fractional anisotropy (FA) comparisons across age groups.

Main Results:

  • Older adults (65-90 years) showed lower cognitive scores compared to younger adults (36-65 years).
  • Aging correlated with reduced MC volume, decreased CBF, increased T1/T2 ratio, increased mean cortex curvature, and prolonged ATT.
  • Reduced FA was observed in CST and MC-striatum tracts in older adults, with FA positively associated with MC volume and negatively with ATT and curvature. MC-striatum tract FA correlated with cognitive scores.

Conclusions:

  • Aging involves MC structural and functional decline, including reduced white matter integrity in the CST and MC-striatum tract.
  • Degeneration of the MC-striatum tract is linked to cognitive decline in aging and associated with MC impairments.
  • Findings suggest early alterations in these pathways may indicate age-related dementia and aid in differential diagnosis.