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Clinical Manifestations.

Andrew J Petkus1, Bryan Rowe2, Lucy Montoya1

  • 1University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Declining hearing and motor skills are linked to poorer memory and executive function in Latinos with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or at risk. These findings highlight potential early indicators of AD neuropathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Motor and sensory decline are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Associations between motor/sensory abilities and cognition are understudied in Latino populations and autosomal dominant AD (ADAD).
  • ADAD offers a unique model due to fewer confounding factors compared to late-onset AD (LOAD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the associations between motor ability, hearing, and olfaction with episodic memory and executive function.
  • To investigate heterogeneity in these associations within a predominantly Latino sample at risk for ADAD or LOAD.
  • To explore the moderating effect of clinical group on these relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 83 Latinos using the NIH Toolbox motor, sensation, and cognitive batteries.
  • Participants categorized into ADAD mutation carriers, non-carriers at risk, and LOAD risk/affected individuals.
  • Multivariable linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, and education, with examination of effect moderation by clinical group.

Main Results:

  • Poorer pegboard performance, grip strength, and hearing were associated with worse memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition across all participants.
  • Balance and olfaction also correlated with flexibility and inhibition.
  • Hearing deficits showed significantly larger associations with flexibility and inhibition in ADAD mutation carriers compared to other groups.

Conclusions:

  • Poorer hearing, fine motor skills, and upper body strength correlate with diminished memory and executive function in Latinos with ADAD or at risk for LOAD.
  • Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may impact motor skills and auditory processing.
  • These findings suggest potential early biomarkers for AD in at-risk populations.