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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Steve Nguyen1, Ake Lu2, Steve Horvath2

  • 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accelerated epigenetic aging, measured by AgeAccelGrim2 and DunedinPACE, predicts mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia risk in older women. These biological age estimators may help identify individuals at higher risk for cognitive decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Aging
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Biomarkers of Aging

Background:

  • Epigenetic age estimators assess biological versus chronological age and link to health outcomes like CVD and mortality.
  • Few large studies have prospectively examined epigenetic age estimators concerning mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between multiple epigenetic age estimators and the risk of developing MCI or dementia.
  • To evaluate the predictive power of various epigenetic age acceleration measures in a large cohort of women.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 5923 women in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, without MCI/dementia at baseline.
  • Calculated Horvath AA, Hannum AA, AgeAccelPheno, Intrinsic/extrinsic epigenetic AA, AgeAccelGrim2, and DunedinPACE.
  • Employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and evaluated effect modification by demographic and lifestyle factors.

Main Results:

  • Over 9.3 years, 1267 incident MCI/dementia events occurred.
  • Higher quartiles of DunedinPACE (HR=1.22) and AgeAccelGrim2 (HR=1.21) were associated with increased MCI/dementia risk (p-trend=0.02 and 0.01, respectively).
  • Non-linear association observed for DunedinPACE; other estimators showed no significant association.

Conclusions:

  • Accelerated epigenetic age, indicated by AgeAccelGrim2 and DunedinPACE, predicts incident MCI/dementia in older women.
  • These findings suggest that epigenetic age acceleration could serve as a risk indicator for cognitive decline.
  • The study provides insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms linking biological aging to neurodegeneration.