Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.6K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.6K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

521
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
521
Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis01:23

Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis

674
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
674
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.5K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.5K
Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

64.7K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
64.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

White matter integrity is associated with cognition and amyloid burden in older adult Koreans along the Alzheimer's disease continuum.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2023
Same author

Consistency of Graph Theoretical Measurements of Alzheimer's Disease Fiber Density Connectomes Across Multiple Parcellation Scales.

Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine·2023
Same author

Social enrichment on the job: Complex work with people improves episodic memory, promotes brain reserve, and reduces the risk of dementia.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2023
Same author

Novel <i>CYP1B1-RMDN2</i> Alzheimer's disease locus identified by genome-wide association analysis of cerebral tau deposition on PET.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2023
Same author

Aberrant GAP43 Gene Expression Is Alzheimer Disease Pathology-Specific.

Annals of neurology·2023
Same author

Integrative analysis of multi-omics and imaging data with incorporation of biological information via structural Bayesian factor analysis.

Briefings in bioinformatics·2023
Same journal

Multimorbidity burden and patterns associated with DeepBrainNet-derived brain-age gap in dementia-free older adults: A community-based study.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Reply to "Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities".

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Shifting the emphasis of brain health literacy from individuals to systems to reduce inequalities.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Correlates and predictors of self-efficacy among dementia caregivers: D-CARE findings.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

What should convince a clinician of disease modification in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials?

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same journal

Primary cilia-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: Emerging mechanisms and biomarker potential.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Julian V Pentchev1, Trever Jackson2, Thea Jacobson Rosewood3,4,5

  • 1Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease polygenic scores (PGS) predict early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) risk but do not strongly drive EOAD onset age. However, these genetic variants may influence cognitive deficits in EOAD patients.

More Related Videos

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses
09:07

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

11.5K
A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
13:45

A Precise Pathogen Delivery and Recovery System for Murine Models of Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: September 21, 2019

6.0K
Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses
08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neuroscience
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • The genetic underpinnings of early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) remain largely unknown.
  • A hypothesis suggests EOAD may share genetic factors with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), potentially with a higher burden of LOAD risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • This study investigates if higher polygenic scores (PGS) in EOAD patients correlate with earlier age of onset (AoO).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the predictive capability of a LOAD-based PGS for both EOAD and LOAD.
  • To analyze the relationship between PGS and age of onset (AoO) in EOAD and LOAD cohorts.
  • To explore the correlation between PGS and cognitive function in EOAD patients.

Main Methods:

  • A previously developed LOAD PGS was applied to genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the Longitudinal Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease Study (LEADS) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohorts.
  • Binary logistic regression models were used to predict EOAD and LOAD status, with further analysis including APOE4 carrier status as a covariate.
  • Cox regression assessed differences in AoO across PGS tertiles, and within the LEADS EOAD cohort, cognitive domains were correlated with PGS.

Main Results:

  • The LOAD PGS significantly predicted case/control status in combined, ADNI, and LEADS cohorts, with higher PGS associated with increased odds of developing EOAD/LOAD.
  • After accounting for APOE4, PGS remained a significant predictor in combined and ADNI cohorts but not in the LEADS-only cohort.
  • Survival analysis revealed significant differences in AoO based on PGS groups in combined and ADNI cohorts, but not in LEADS. In EOAD patients, PGS correlated with visuospatial and language performance.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic risk factors for LOAD, excluding APOE4, do not appear to be primary drivers of EOAD age of onset.
  • However, these genetic variants may play a role in mediating specific cognitive impairments observed in EOAD.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the genetic architecture of EOAD.