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Related Concept Videos

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Jiefei Yu1, Aaron Kin Fu Lam2, Shawn Dexiao Kong2

  • 1The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypertension is linked to executive dysfunction, particularly in males. Obstructive sleep apnea severity did not significantly impact cognition in this study. Further research is needed on sleep apnea metrics and cognitive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension is a known modifiable risk factor for dementia.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may influence hypertension and cognitive function.
  • The combined impact of hypertension and OSA on cognition, and potential sex differences, is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual and combined effects of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive function.
  • To explore potential sex differences in the relationship between hypertension, OSA, and cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 114 non-demented adults over 50 (67% female).
  • Hypertension status derived from systolic blood pressure measurements during a sleep study.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea severity assessed using the hypoxic burden index.
  • Cognitive outcomes evaluated through comprehensive neuropsychological assessments.
  • Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension was associated with poorer executive function (p=0.031, η²=0.079).
  • Hypoxic burden index or its interaction with hypertension did not significantly affect cognitive domains (p>0.05).
  • In males, hypertension correlated with worse executive function (p=0.011, η²=0.401) and processing speed (p=0.034, η²=0.267).

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is associated with executive dysfunction, predominantly in males.
  • Hypoxic burden index was not a significant predictor of cognitive outcomes in this cohort.
  • Further investigation into alternative obstructive sleep apnea metrics is warranted to understand its cognitive effects.