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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Molly R LaPoint1, Rachel A Whitmer2, Sirena Gutierrez3

  • 1Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Pleasanton, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex differences in brain volume change with age. Female sex is linked to smaller occipital and larger ventricular volumes in younger adults, but these associations disappear in older age groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Gerontology
  • Neurodegeneration

Background:

  • Sex differences in aging and dementia-related neurodegeneration are not fully understood across the lifespan.
  • Investigating how sex influences brain structure changes over time is crucial for understanding age-related cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine sex differences in brain region volumes across different age groups.
  • To determine if the association between sex and brain structure varies with age.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3T MRI data from 838 racially and ethnically diverse older adults (346 male, 492 female).
  • Analyzed total cortical gray matter, hippocampus, ventricular, frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobe volumes.
  • Employed linear regression models and age-stratified analyses (50-74, 75-89, 90+ years) to assess sex-specific effects.

Main Results:

  • Female sex was associated with smaller occipital and larger ventricular volumes in adults aged 50-74.
  • These associations were not significant in older age groups (75-89 and 90+).
  • For individuals aged 90+, the direction of association for occipital and ventricular volumes differed compared to the younger group.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between sex and brain region volume is age-dependent.
  • Female sex is associated with specific brain volume differences (occipital, ventricular) in younger older adults, but not in the oldest age groups.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving these sex-by-age interactions and their impact on cognition.