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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Caroline Dallaire-Théroux1, Rosalie Cottez1,2, Olivier Potvin3

  • 1Université Laval / CHU de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serum placental growth factor (PlGF) shows promise as a biomarker for cerebrovascular disease (CVD), particularly cerebral microbleeds, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Its association is strongest in men and APOE4 carriers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker research often overlooks vascular factors.
  • Angiogenesis markers, like placental growth factor (PlGF), are promising for detecting vascular contributions to AD.
  • PlGF is involved in vascularization, permeability, and responds to cerebral ischemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum PlGF levels and MRI-defined markers of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with cognitive impairment and AD.
  • To explore potential correlations between PlGF, vascular risk factors, cognitive status, and AD biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Serum PlGF was measured in participants with subjective cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, early AD, and controls.
  • MRI markers of CVD, including white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes and microbleeds, were assessed.
  • Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression models, examined relationships between PlGF, clinical groups, demographics, vascular factors, and AD biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Serum PlGF levels were higher in men and increased with age, but did not differ significantly across clinical groups.
  • PlGF correlated positively with waist size, weight, triglycerides, and showed a trend with diastolic blood pressure.
  • PlGF levels were associated with total and deep cerebellar microbleeds, but not WMH. This association persisted in APOE4 carriers and men.

Conclusions:

  • Serum PlGF is a potential biomarker for CVD, specifically cerebral microbleeds, in Alzheimer's disease.
  • The role of PlGF in CVD may be particularly relevant in specific subpopulations like APOE4 carriers.
  • Understanding PlGF's link to CVD is crucial for monitoring safety and efficacy in the context of new AD therapies.