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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Natasha V Stevanovich1, Robert Stewart2,3, Dag Aarsland1,2

  • 1Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, IoPPN, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Socioeconomic deprivation is linked to reduced brain volume in patients with cognitive impairment. Higher deprivation scores correlate with smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes, suggesting increased neurodegeneration vulnerability.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Socioeconomic deprivation is linked to dementia risk factors and reduced brain volumes in key regions like the hippocampus and amygdala.
  • Previous studies have not examined these associations in real-world cognitive impairment populations.
  • Machine learning now allows detailed analysis of smaller brain structures from clinical MRIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between socioeconomic deprivation and specific brain volumes (whole brain, hippocampus, hippocampal subfields, amygdala) in patients with cognitive impairment.
  • To utilize advanced machine learning techniques for precise volumetric analysis.
  • To explore regional vulnerability in neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized MRI scans from the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) Image Bank for patients diagnosed with MCI/dementia subtypes.
  • Obtained UK Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) scores and data on modifiable dementia risk factors.
  • Employed multiple linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, and analyzed hippocampal subfields and amygdala volumes using the ANTsX pipeline.

Main Results:

  • Included 3,075 patients (mean age 77, 58% female) with diagnoses including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
  • Higher IMD scores (greater deprivation) significantly correlated with reduced hippocampal and amygdala volumes across all cognitive impairment types.
  • Specific reductions were noted in hippocampal subfields (e.g., CA1), parahippocampal gyrus, perirhinal cortex, and amygdala, with strongest associations in AD and MCI groups.

Conclusions:

  • Higher socioeconomic deprivation is associated with distinct hippocampal subfield and amygdala atrophy in individuals with cognitive impairment.
  • Socioeconomic deprivation may play a more significant role in regional vulnerability to neurodegeneration than previously recognized.
  • Findings highlight the impact of social determinants on brain health and neurodegenerative processes.