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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
511

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Sidharth P Mishra1,2, Shalini Jain1,2, Dhananjay Yadav1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High inflammation is linked to increased cognitive decline and dementia risk in older adults. Specific gut bacteria changes may signal early signs of cognitive impairment, offering potential therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiome research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cognitive decline and dementia are growing public health concerns in aging populations.
  • The precise causes of cognitive decline and chronic inflammation remain unclear.
  • Gut microbiome alterations are increasingly linked to inflammation and dementia risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between systemic inflammation (Interleukin-6) and cognitive impairment in older adults.
  • To identify distinct gut microbiome signatures associated with cognitive decline and inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 165 samples from the Microbiome in Aging Gut and Brain (MiaGB) cohort.
  • Measurement of plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) using ELISA.
  • Assessment of cognitive function via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) questionnaire.
  • Shotgun metagenomic sequencing for fecal microbiome analysis.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with high IL-6 levels showed more than double the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • Specific gut bacteria, including Lachnospira, Akkermansia, and Subdoligranulum, were reduced in individuals with MCI and high IL-6.
  • Elevated levels of Fusicatenibacter and Prevotella were observed in individuals with MCI and high IL-6.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced levels of butyrate-producing bacteria and increased levels of potentially pathogenic bacteria are associated with MCI and high IL-6.
  • Distinct gut microbial profiles may serve as early biomarkers for cognitive decline.
  • These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for preserving brain health in aging individuals.