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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Anna M VandeBunte1, Emily W Paolillo1, Rowan Saloner1

  • 1Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women accumulate white matter hyperintensities (WMH) faster than men, but high systolic blood pressure only predicts WMH in males. This highlights sex-specific factors in brain aging and vascular contributions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular risk profiles exhibit sex differences across the lifespan, with postmenopausal females experiencing increased vascular risk.
  • Older females show a higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden compared to males.
  • Sex differences in cardiovascular health and WMH suggest investigating their association with WMH accumulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine sex differences in the association between cardiovascular risk and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) accumulation.
  • To investigate whether longitudinal WMH trajectories differ by sex.
  • To determine if baseline systolic blood pressure predicts WMH accumulation differently in males and females.

Main Methods:

  • 262 functionally intact older adults (mean age 70.5, 56% female) underwent baseline blood pressure measurement and longitudinal neuroimaging (WMH and gray matter volume).
  • Linear mixed-effects models assessed sex differences in WMH trajectories over time.
  • Interaction models tested sex-specific associations between baseline systolic blood pressure and WMH trajectories, with gray matter volume analyzed for specificity.

Main Results:

  • While baseline systolic blood pressure and WMH volume did not differ by sex, females exhibited steeper WMH accumulation over time.
  • Higher baseline systolic blood pressure was associated with increased WMH burden over time in males only.
  • Systolic blood pressure predicted gray matter volume loss in all participants, but this effect did not differ by sex.

Conclusions:

  • Females demonstrate greater WMH accumulation over time compared to males.
  • Systolic blood pressure is a significant predictor of WMH burden in males, suggesting other factors influence WMH in females.
  • Sex differences in the association between systolic blood pressure and brain aging appear specific to white matter.