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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yu Xiao1, Nicola Spotorno2, Lijun An1

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, SciLifeLab, Lund Univerisity, Lund, Sweden.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease tau presence follows connectivity patterns, while tau load depends on regional vulnerability. Computational models reveal insights into tau accumulation and spread in the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) tau pathology is thought to spread cell-to-cell via synaptic connections.
  • Local brain properties influence cellular vulnerability to tau accumulation.
  • Understanding tau propagation requires disentangling connectivity and regional vulnerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To computationally model and analyze the factors influencing tau accumulation (presence and load) across brain regions in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To differentiate the roles of brain connectivity versus regional vulnerability in tau pathology.
  • To identify novel mechanisms contributing to tau spread.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of [18F]RO948-PET tau imaging data from 646 participants in the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study.
  • Application of a Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model simulating tau dynamics over brain connectomes.
  • Exploration of various connectome types and spatial maps of brain properties to fit tau patterns.

Main Results:

  • Tau presence patterns aligned better with Braak staging and were better explained by connectivity-based models.
  • Regional factors, including MAPT and amyloid-beta (Aβ), influenced tau load simulations.
  • Receptor similarity networks provided the most accurate model for tau propagation; subtype analyses revealed consistent presence pathways but variable load accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • Tau presence is primarily driven by brain connectivity in a Braak-like manner.
  • Tau load is influenced by regional vulnerability and varies significantly among individuals.
  • Receptor distributions represent an under-explored factor in tau accumulation, alongside known mechanisms.