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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
746
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

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Biomarkers.

Timothy Aw Bang Hao1,2, Yi Jin Leow1, Nagaendran Kandiah1,3,4

  • 1Dementia Research Centre (Singapore), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181) may indicate early cognitive decline in executive function, processing speed, and visuospatial ability. This minimally invasive biomarker shows promise for detecting early Alzheimer's disease changes before significant amyloid pathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Cognitive Aging

Background:

  • Tau pathology drives cognitive decline in early Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181) is a promising, minimally invasive biomarker for detecting tau and amyloid pathology.
  • Current tau biomarkers (PET, CSF) are invasive and costly, limiting widespread use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between plasma pTau181 levels and cognitive function in non-demented individuals with subthreshold amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology.
  • To assess plasma pTau181 as a potential early indicator of cognitive deficits in a Southeast Asian cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Included 893 participants from the BIOCIS study (Singapore) with subthreshold Aβ (Aβ42/40 ratio ≥ 0.05).
  • Classified participants into cognitively normal (CN), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) groups.
  • Used multiple regression analyses to examine the association between plasma pTau181 and cognitive performance, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Elevated plasma pTau181 was significantly linked to poorer executive function, processing speed, and visuospatial ability.
  • No significant association was found between plasma pTau181 and global cognition or episodic memory.
  • Findings suggest a domain-specific effect of plasma pTau181 on cognitive function.

Conclusions:

  • Plasma pTau181 may serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for early cognitive deficits in specific domains (executive function, processing speed, visuospatial ability) in individuals with subthreshold amyloid pathology.
  • Further longitudinal research is necessary to validate these findings and explore the predictive value of plasma pTau181 for AD progression.
  • Plasma pTau181 could be integrated into early intervention strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.