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Published on: September 20, 2018
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Clinical Manifestations
Celine N Sakran1,2, Juan-Camilo Vargas-González3,4, Nico Paulo Dimal3,4
1Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
Summary
Agitation presents differently in males and females with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) syndromes. Males, particularly those with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), experience a wider range of neuropsychiatric symptoms alongside agitation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Agitation is a significant symptom of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
- Understanding agitation across Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) syndromes is crucial.
- Sex differences in agitation and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in FTLD are poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate sex differences in agitation across FTLD-related syndromes.
- Examine the relationship between agitation and various NPS in males and females with FTLD.
- Identify specific NPS comorbidities associated with agitation in different FTLD subtypes.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 1,654 participants from NACC and ALLFTD studies with FTLD syndromes.
- Assessment of symptoms using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).
- Computation of prevalence and odds ratios, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to identify sex-based variations in NPS associated with agitation.
Main Results:
- Males with agitation showed higher likelihoods of anxiety, apathy, depression, disinhibition, and motor symptoms across FTLD subtypes.
- Females with semantic variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (svPPA) had a higher likelihood of disinhibition when agitated.
- Agitation was associated with a broader spectrum of NPS in males compared to females, especially in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP).
Conclusions:
- Significant sex differences exist in NPS associated with agitation in FTLD syndromes.
- Males, particularly those with PSP, exhibit a wider range of NPS when agitated.
- Further research is needed to understand the neurobiological mechanisms driving these sex differences and improve clinical management.
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