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Clinical Manifestations.

Kevin Duff1,2, Dustin B Hammers3

  • 1Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) shows reduced short-term practice effects (STPE), similar to Alzheimer's disease. Smaller STPE predict slower long-term cognitive changes, suggesting potential for clinical trial enrichment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may indicate preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) but has unclear trajectories.
  • Individuals with SCD are heterogeneous, necessitating methods to predict their cognitive future.
  • Prior research established short-term practice effects (STPE) in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if STPE are diminished in individuals with SCD compared to cognitively normal (CN) individuals.
  • To determine if STPE predict long-term cognitive changes in individuals with SCD.
  • To explore the utility of STPE in identifying individuals at risk for cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • 76 participants classified as cognitively unimpaired were divided into SCD (n=11) and CN (n=65) groups.
  • Participants completed a cognitive battery twice within one week to measure STPE.
  • Cognitive change was assessed again after approximately 1.3 years.

Main Results:

  • SCD participants exhibited significantly smaller STPE on 7 of 8 neuropsychological tests and a composite measure compared to CN.
  • STPE on visual scanning, set shifting, and processing speed were most effective in differentiating SCD from CN.
  • Smaller composite STPE predicted less cognitive improvement over 1.3 years in the entire sample.
  • The association between STPE and long-term cognitive change was particularly strong for processing speed in the SCD group.

Conclusions:

  • STPE are reduced in individuals with SCD relative to CN, mirroring findings in MCI and AD.
  • Reduced STPE predict cognitive trajectories, suggesting their potential as a biomarker.
  • Further validation in larger trials is needed to confirm STPE's role in enriching clinical trials for SCD populations.