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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Pierre Champetier1,2, Claudia Albero1,2, Filipa Raposo Pereira3,4

  • 1Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM, CNRS, UMR-1127, DreamTeam, Paris, France.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wake slow waves (wSW) may indicate early Alzheimer's disease (AD) changes. Lower wSW density and higher amplitude are linked to amyloid and neurodegeneration, suggesting potential as early AD biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Sleep slow waves are crucial for clearing brain waste and preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD) lesions.
  • Wake slow waves (wSW), observed in wake EEG, increase with sleep deprivation and predict errors.
  • This study investigated wSW features in relation to amyloid and neurodegeneration status and transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare wake slow wave (wSW) features in elderly individuals based on amyloid (A) and neurodegeneration (N) status.
  • To examine wSW features in individuals transitioning to amyloid or neurodegeneration positivity.
  • To explore the potential of wSW as early biomarkers for AD pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized EEG recordings from 314 elderly participants with memory complaints.
  • Assessed amyloid and neurodegeneration status using PET scans at baseline and 2-year follow-up.
  • Analyzed wSW density and amplitude in delta and theta bands, adjusting for covariates and correcting for multiple comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Lower delta wSW density was observed in participants with amyloid or neurodegeneration compared to controls.
  • Individuals with both amyloid and neurodegeneration showed higher wSW amplitude in delta and theta bands.
  • Transitions to amyloid or neurodegeneration positivity were associated with altered wSW features (higher amplitude or lower density).

Conclusions:

  • Wake slow wave (wSW) features show potential as early EEG biomarkers for amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration.
  • wSW metrics are measurable via brief resting-state EEG, aiding early identification of at-risk individuals.
  • These findings suggest wSW can detect preclinical AD changes before cognitive decline.