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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Yuyue Qiu1, Jialu Bao1, Tianyi Wang1

  • 1Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are linked to AD pathology and cognitive decline. Paraventricular WMH specifically correlate with reduced cognitive performance, independent of brain atrophy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are common in elderly individuals and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • The underlying pathophysiology of WMH in AD remains unclear.
  • This study investigates the causes and cognitive associations of WMH in biologically diagnosed AD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the etiologies of global and regional white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.
  • To examine the cognitive correlates of WMH burden in a cohort of AD patients.
  • To investigate the relationship between WMH, AD biomarkers, and cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 170 AD patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, MRI scans, and cognitive assessments (CDR, MMSE).
  • Semiquantitative scales were used to assess WMH and atrophy.
  • Linear regression models analyzed associations between WMH, age, cerebral microbleeds (CMB), AD biomarkers, atrophy, and vascular risk factors, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Global WMH in AD patients were associated with older age, lower CSF Aβ42 levels, and more severe cerebral microbleeds (CMB).
  • Regional WMH (paraventricular, frontal, parietal) showed associations with age, CMB, and CSF Aβ42 levels.
  • Lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were significantly linked to increased paraventricular WMH and medial temporal atrophy (MTA) after adjusting for age, sex, and education.

Conclusions:

  • In AD patients, WMH, particularly in frontal, parietal, and paraventricular regions, are associated with AD pathology (CSF Aβ42, CMB), not vascular risk factors or tau.
  • Paraventricular WMH are significantly associated with cognitive decline in AD patients.
  • The link between paraventricular WMH and cognitive decline is independent of cortical atrophy.