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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Maria Capdevila1, Raquel Puerta1, Rosanna Rossi2

  • 1Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma extracellular vesicles (pEVs) show potential as early Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of pEVs revealed signatures correlating with AD pathology, offering hope for earlier diagnosis in mild cognitive impairment stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis often occurs after irreversible neuronal damage.
  • Early diagnosis in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a significant challenge.
  • Plasma extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are emerging as promising sources for early AD biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the proteomic profile of pEVs in MCI and AD patients.
  • To explore the potential of pEVs as screening tools for early-stage AD.
  • To identify novel blood-based biomarkers for AD detection.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of pEVs from MCI Aβ(+) (n=50), MCI Aβ(-) (n=50), and AD dementia (n=43) patients via ultracentrifugation.
  • Characterization of pEVs using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy (cryo-TEM).
  • Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, and pEVs using Olink® proteomics (Inflammation and Neurology Explore 364 panels).

Main Results:

  • pEVs characterization confirmed their identity as extracellular vesicles.
  • pEV biomarkers showed correlations with established AD signatures (CSF Aβ42, p-tau181, plasma p-tau181, MMSE, Age, Qalb).
  • Several pEV neurology proteins correlated significantly with their CSF counterparts, but not serum counterparts, suggesting CNS origin.

Conclusions:

  • pEV proteomic signatures may indicate AD pathology in prodromal stages.
  • pEVs hold potential for informing about AD continuum.
  • Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the role of EVs in AD development and dissemination.