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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Ashley N Price1,2, Megan Stradtman2,3, Savannah Doster1,2

  • 1University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness may predict cerebral amyloid buildup in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study found significant links between the inner retinal layers and amyloid PET scan results, suggesting potential for early AD detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) burden, measured in centiloids via PET scans, is a key Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker.
  • Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) reveals retinal layer thinning, also associated with AD.
  • The relationship between cerebral Aβ burden and retinal layer thickness in preclinical AD is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between retinal layer thicknesses and cerebral Aβ burden (centiloid values).
  • To identify specific retinal layers that may serve as biomarkers for preclinical AD.

Main Methods:

  • SD-OCT imaging was performed on 40 cognitively unimpaired adults (ages 65-80).
  • Retinal layer thicknesses and volumes were analyzed using HEYEX software.
  • Amyloid PET scans (florbetaben) were conducted within six weeks of SD-OCT.
  • Linear and logistic regressions, controlling for age, assessed relationships between retinal measurements and PET results (positive/negative status).

Main Results:

  • Outer retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness significantly predicted PET centiloid values (p=0.0206).
  • Trends indicated relationships between mRNFL total layer thickness/volume and PET centiloids (p=0.0921, p=0.0679).
  • Outer retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) thickness and outer plexiform layer (OPL) volume showed trending associations with PET status (p=0.0757, p=0.0572).

Conclusions:

  • The significant association between mRNFL thickness and centiloid values supports previous findings in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD populations.
  • This study is the first to explore this relationship in a preclinical AD cohort.
  • Retinal OPL findings align with prior research linking OPL thickness to plasma ptau217, an indicator of cerebral amyloidosis. Longitudinal studies are needed for validation.