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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Aaron Kin Fu Lam1,2,3, Johannes C Michaelian2,4,5, Rachael Yu2,3

  • 1Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered REM sleep slowing is linked to lower amyloid-beta 42/40 levels in older adults. This suggests REM slowing may serve as an early biomarker for Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Altered sleep neurophysiology may indicate early brain pathology.
  • No prior studies linked sleep neurophysiology to blood-based neurodegeneration biomarkers.
  • Investigated associations between blood biomarkers and sleep in cognitively impaired older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if blood-based Alzheimer's and neurodegeneration biomarkers correlate with sleep neurophysiology.
  • To explore potential early markers of brain pathology in older adults with cognitive concerns.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited adults aged 50+ with cognitive/mood concerns.
  • Classified participants as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive impairment (SCI).
  • Measured plasma biomarkers (Aβ42/40, GFAP, NFL, pTau181) and sleep metrics (spindle density, theta/delta power, REM slowing) via polysomnography and blood tests.

Main Results:

  • MCI group had lower Aβ42/40 and higher GFAP, NFL, pTau181 than SCI group.
  • Aβ42/40 associated with spindle density and REM slowing.
  • GFAP linked to spindle density.
  • REM slowing remained a significant predictor of Aβ42/40 after adjusting for clinical status and age.

Conclusions:

  • REM slowing is a robust marker associated with plasma Aβ42/40.
  • REM slowing may indicate early neuropathological changes, potentially reflecting amyloid accumulation.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality between sleep neurophysiology and AD biomarkers.