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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
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Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Samantha A Keil1, Xiuyuan Hugh Wang2, Neel H Mehta3

  • 1Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance, linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), may be improved by enhancing nasal drainage pathways. This study shows amyloid deposition impairs this clearance, suggesting a new therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance is implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.
  • The nasal mucosa, via the cribriform plate, is a potential CSF drainage pathway.
  • Investigating the link between brain clearance and nasal pathways in the context of amyloid pathology is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the nasal pathway as a CSF drainage route in humans.
  • To examine the relationship between brain tracer egress and nasal turbinates.
  • To assess the impact of amyloid pathology on this clearance mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic PET imaging with [1-11C]-Butanol in 24 cognitively normal older adults (8 amyloid-beta positive, 16 negative).
  • Regions of interest included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (LOF) and nasal turbinates.
  • Time-activity curves (TACs) analyzed tracer influx, egress, and area under the curve (AUC) to quantify drainage kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Significant positive correlations between tracer kinetics in the LOF and nasal turbinates indicate a functional brain-nasal clearance connection.
  • Amyloid-beta positive individuals showed significantly reduced tracer input into and egress from nasal turbinates.
  • Amyloid positivity was associated with reduced tracer egress from the LOF and slower clearance kinetics in the nasal pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The nasal pathway serves as a viable human CSF drainage route.
  • Brain amyloid deposition significantly impairs nasal CSF clearance efficiency.
  • Peripheral neurovascular pathways, like the nasal route, may offer novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD.