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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Gurveen Kaur Sandhu1, Jacklyn Leonardo1, Fatin Zahra Zailan1

  • 1Dementia Research Centre (Singapore), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is elevated in younger adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and high white matter hyperintensities (WMH). This NfL increase plateaus in older adults, suggesting NfL

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarkers
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a key structural protein in neurons, often elevated in conditions with White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH).
  • The relationship between NfL levels, WMH burden, and cognitive function in younger versus older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) requires further investigation.
  • This study focuses on a Southeast Asian MCI community cohort with a significant burden of cerebrovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between NfL concentration, WMH burden, and cognitive status in younger and older Southeast Asian adults with MCI.
  • To explore the role of NfL as a potential biomarker for early detection of white matter disease and cognitive decline in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 310 Southeast Asian community participants diagnosed with MCI.
  • Participants were stratified based on WMH burden using the modified Fazekas scale.
  • Global cognition was assessed using the Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT), and plasma NfL levels were measured using the Simoa platform.

Main Results:

  • In younger adults with MCI, high WMH burden correlated with increased NfL, poorer cognition, and larger perivascular spaces.
  • In older adults with MCI, high WMH burden was associated with increased cerebrovascular disease markers, including blood pressure, perivascular spaces, lacunar infarcts, medial temporal atrophy, and reduced gray matter.
  • A plateau in NfL increase was observed in the older MCI group compared to the younger group.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated NfL is associated with high WMH burden in younger Southeast Asian adults with MCI.
  • The observed plateau of NfL increase in older adults may indicate threshold effects or reduced neurobiological capacity.
  • NfL shows promise as a biomarker for early detection and prognostication of white matter disease and cognitive impairment in Southeast Asians.