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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarkers.

Siqi Xie1, Yumei Liang2, Jianping Jia3,4,5,6,7,8

  • 1Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Beijing, China.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia : the Journal of the Alzheimer'S Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Serum beta-synuclein shows promise as a blood biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection. Elevated levels correlate with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration, offering a minimally invasive diagnostic tool.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically defined by amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic dysfunction.
  • The 2024 Alzheimer's Association criteria emphasize blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) for minimally invasive diagnostics.
  • Serum β-synuclein is emerging as a potential BBM for early synaptic dysfunction in AD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum β-synuclein in Alzheimer's disease.
  • To compare serum β-synuclein with the established biomarker CSF neurogranin (NG).
  • To investigate the association of serum β-synuclein with AD progression and other endophenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 475 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.
  • Utilized linear mixed-effects models to assess baseline and longitudinal serum β-synuclein.
  • Evaluated diagnostic accuracy using Area Under the Curve (AUC) and correlated with cognitive and neuroimaging markers.

Main Results:

  • Serum β-synuclein levels were significantly elevated in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) versus cognitively normal (CN) individuals.
  • Serum β-synuclein demonstrated strong diagnostic performance (AUC 0.842 for AD vs. CN) and outperformed CSF NG in differentiating amyloid-positive individuals (AUC 0.757).
  • Higher serum β-synuclein and its increase over time correlated with accelerated cognitive decline and neurodegeneration (MMSE, mPACC, hippocampal volume, FDG-PET).

Conclusions:

  • Serum β-synuclein is a promising biomarker for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Its association with disease progression and minimally invasive nature support its potential for early diagnosis and monitoring.
  • Further research can validate serum β-synuclein for clinical application in AD management.